PRE-OSMANN SCIENTIFIC STATE OF SAMARKAND AND MAVERANNAKHR

Abstract

Samarkand is one of the scientific centers founded by Hanafi scholars. Samarkand is connected with India and Afghanistan through the city of Balkh, and with Iran and Anatolia through Merv. That is why it is considered an important center of cultural and commercial relations. After the creation of the Hanafi madhhab in Baghdad and Kufa, this madhhab became widespread in Maverannahr, the capital of the region - Samarkand. At the end of the 10th century, Samarkand fell under the rule of the Karakhanids. At that time there were many scientists here, whose names and qualities are mentioned in the work “al-Kand fi dhikri ulama Samarkand”, written by Umar Nasafi. Part of this work has come down to us. From the foregoing, we can conclude that the fierce struggle between the Karakhanids and Seljuks in Maverannahr led to irreconcilability between the scientists of the two schools of fiqh (Hanafi and Shafi'i). These intransigences between them were not only in matters of fiqh, but also in religious matters. The Hanafi through their teachers supported the ideas of Abu Hanifa from Kufa and Abu Mansur Maturidi from Samarkand.