EVALUATION SEXUAL HORMONES IN BREAST CANCER WOMEN PATIENTS

Abstract

Among women, breast cancer is the prevailing malignant neoplasm. At 22% of all cancers in females, it is greater than twice as typical as cancers in other areas of the female body. In breast carcinomas, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is presently the universally recognized method for identifying estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors. The history of progesterone and progesterone receptors (PR) in breast tumors is both renowned and contentious. As endocrine treatments for breast cancer advanced from oophorectomy to anti-estrogens, it became evident in the 1970s that the mere existence of estrogen receptors (ER) was not a reliable indicator of treatment response. Protein PR, controlled by estrogen, has emerged as the initial prognostic and predictive indicator of the response to endocrine treatments. The gold standard for predicting functional, targetable endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in breast cancers continues to be established today. PRs were later characterized as intricately organized transcription factors that control various physiological activities in breast cancer cells.