https://scholarzest.com/index.php/esj/issue/feedEuropean Scholar Journal2025-02-03T06:09:51+00:00Dr. Daniel Lopezeditor1@scholarzest.comOpen Journal Systems<p><strong>European Scholar Journal (ESJ)</strong> is a Multidisciplinary peer-reviewed open access international journal that covers various areas of research. This journal is published online monthly. The double-blind peer-reviewed journal strives to achieve excellence in academic publications. </p> <p><em><strong>European Scholar Journal (ESJ) is edited in Las Palmas by ScholarZest.</strong></em></p> <p><strong>ISSN (E):</strong> 2660-5562 </p> <p><strong>Journal Impact Factor:</strong> 7.235 <strong><a href="https://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=21407">SJIF 2024: </a></strong><a href="https://sjifactor.com/passport.php?id=21407">7.951 </a></p>https://scholarzest.com/index.php/esj/article/view/4895LEGAL DESCRIPTION OF THE FACTORING CONTRACT2025-02-03T06:01:47+00:00 Sura Mohammed Hobi MahdiSura@gmail.com<p>In our title article, we set out the legal description of the factoring contract and examined the main theories describing this contract; the theory of transfer of rights and the theory of contractual subrogation, in order to find out what similarities and differences exist between them and the factoring contract. The position of some legislations was clarified to show the areas of integration or deficiencies that affect the description of this contract, and we opted for the descriptive approach - analytical - comparative, through which it became clear that the factoring contract is undefined in the Iraqi legal system, there is no specific legislation, that regulates its provisions and determines its essential elements and legal description as well as the reluctance of Iraqi banks for the practical and actual practice of the factoring contract, which calls for drawing attention to this contract in order to keep pace with economic and legal developments</p>2025-01-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 Sura Mohammed Hobi Mahdihttps://scholarzest.com/index.php/esj/article/view/4896EFFECT OF PARITY AND SEX OF BIRTH ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MILK OF FRIESIAN COWS RAISED IN SOUTHERN IRAQ2025-02-03T06:09:51+00:00Muayad Abdulwahid Jaber Al-FayadMuayad@gmail.com<p>Among the breeds that were introduced in large numbers to Iraq is the Friesian cow breed. Friesian cows are characterized by their high milk production, as well as their continuity in production throughout the milking.</p>2025-01-25T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 Muayad Abdulwahid Jaber Al-Fayadhttps://scholarzest.com/index.php/esj/article/view/4890THE LEGAL AND JURISPRUDENTIAL FOUNDATION OF THE STATE'S RIGHT TO INHERITANCE-AN ANALYTICAL STUDY IN IRAQI LAW, COMPARATIVE LAW, AND IN LIGHT OF ISLAMIC SHARIA AND CONTEMPORARY SCHOLARS' OPINIONS2025-02-02T14:59:48+00:00Dr. Mohammed Ahmed IssaMohammed@gmail.com<p>This research presents an analytical study on the State's entitlement to inheritance, encompassing not only financial matters but also, in certain circumstances, the deceased's body. It offers a scholarly exploration of the issue through the lens of Iraqi and Egyptian laws, alongside the perspectives of Islamic jurists, particularly contemporary opinions. The study aims to thoroughly examine the details of this topic, propose jurisprudential solutions to modern challenges influenced by religious beliefs on financial transactions, and identify the most precise views and trends while diagnosing legislative gaps.</p>2025-01-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2025 https://scholarzest.com/index.php/esj/article/view/4886RESPONSE OF PANICUM MAXIMUM CV SEEDS TO TREATMENT WITH MALT EXTRACT AND DIFFERENT SOAKING PERIODS AND THEIR EFFECT ON GROWTH AND GERMINATION CHARACTERISTICS2025-01-31T07:18:46+00:00Mahmood T.Al- JayashiMohmoodth999@mu.edu.iqTaghreed Mahmood kuder AL farjawTaghreed.kuder@uobasrah.edu.iqRaghad sabah hassanRaghad@ym.coAli Fakher Hadi AlJabriAli@ym.co<table width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="68%"> <p>The laboratory experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection / College of Agriculture / Al-Muthanna University for the year 2023/2024. To study the effect of barley extract (<em>Hordeum vulgare</em> L.) and the periods of soaking seeds in it. The experimental design was used according to the completely randomized design (CRD). The experiment included two factors, the first factor was the effect of three concentrations of the extract (8, 16, 32) % with the comparison treatment with distilled water (C0, C1, C2, C3) respectively, and the second factor was the time of soaking the seeds in the extract, which was for three periods (1, 2, 3) hours (T1, T2, T3 respectively) and with three replicates. The results of the experiment showed a clear difference in the response of the Bonicam seeds to the difference in concentrations, as the extracted concentration C4 had a significant effect on the germination percentage trait, giving an average of 46.30, while the concentration C2 was superior in the root length, plant height and number of leaves traits, giving the highest averages of 2.798, 46.6, 7.72 respectively, while the concentration C3 was superior in the germination speed trait, giving an average of 3.23. As for the soaking periods, the T3 treatment (three hours soaking) was superior in the germination percentage trait and root length trait, as it recorded the highest averages of 51.77 and 2.653, while the T2 treatment was superior in the number of leaves and germination speed trait, as it gave the highest averages of 7.28 and 2.67. Finally, the T1 treatment (one hour soaking) was superior in the plant height trait, as it recorded an average of 43.9. The interaction between the two factors, extract concentration and steeping periods, showed a different response between the treatments, according to what was shown from the effect of the factors when their effects were individual.</p> <p> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>2025-01-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024