European Scholar Journal

ANALYZING THE ANTIOXIDANT QUALITIES OF INULA HELENIUM AND CALENDULA OFFICINALIS

Ibragim R. Askarov, Khabibullo N. Kodirov — Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The significance of dietary supplements in traditional medicine is covered in this article along with details on their antioxidant qualities, the chemical makeup of supplements for internal illnesses, and the medicinal plants—Calendula officinalis and Inula helenium—that are used to treat them.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS LESSONS: MODERN PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES

Karimov Bekzod Boykobilovich — Wed, 05 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the application of modern pedagogical technologies in physical education and sports lessons, highlighting their key principles and significance. It presents methods for organizing effective classes using interactive techniques, information and communication technologies, and individualized approaches. These methods contribute not only to students' physical development but also to the enhancement of their intellectual and social skills

RULES OF SILENCE IN ELECTRONIC TRANSACTIONS-A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Dr. Ali Hussein Dweih — Sat, 15 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The rules concerning silence are governed by two conflicting principles. The first considers silence as a purely passive stance, the opposite of acceptance, and not an expression of intent, essentially equating it to non-existence. This is reflected in the rule "Silence does not imply speech." This issue is contentious in both positive law and Islamic law, which views silence as a neutral stance that does not indicate anything. Therefore, silence is never considered an offer but may be regarded as acceptance in certain cases. The second rule considers silence as an indication of consent, directly contradicting the first. Silence, in this context, expresses acceptance, as articulated in Article (81), paragraph (1) of the Iraqi Civil Code: "Silence in a situation requiring a statement is considered as acceptance." Thus, the interpretation of silence depends on the context. In some cases, the first principle applies, while in others, the second is more appropriate, such as in situations involving silent acquiescence or silent agreement. It is important to note that the issue of silence is inherently connected to acceptance, and it is not applicable when discussing offers. An offer requires a clear, positive expression indicating key aspects of a legal action or proposed transaction, regardless of whether the offer is made through traditional or electronic means. The question raised in this research is whether silence can exist in electronic transactions in the same way as in traditional dealings, and this is addressed through the study.

ANALYSIS OF THE BIOMECHANICS OF JUMPING TECHNIQUE IN BASKETBALL

Tuychiyev Ashurali Ibragimovich, Yunusov Furqatjon Shuhrat o‘g‘li — Thu, 06 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article examines the biomechanics of basketball jumping technique, its impact on player performance, and injury prevention. The main focus is on the analysis of both one-legged and two-legged jumps, as well as the role of biomechanics in the development of basketball in Uzbekistan. A scientific approach to studying jumping and the incorporation of biomechanical principles into the training process are crucial steps in preparing high-level athletes.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS THROUGH INTEGRATED METHODS

Durdona Khamidova, Rashidov Samandar — Mon, 10 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the effectiveness of integrated methods for improving students' writing skills in secondary education. By combining various instructional strategies, including collaborative writing, technology integration, and genre-based approaches, the research aims to determine their impact on students' writing proficiency. A mixed-methods approach was employed, incorporating quantitative assessments and qualitative feedback from students and teachers. The findings indicate that integrated methods significantly enhance writing skills, leading to increased student engagement and motivation.

LE ROLE DE LA LITTERATURE DANS L’ENSEIGNEMENT ET L’APPRENTISSAGE DU FRANÇAIS LANGUE ETRANGERE AU NIGERIA AVEC L’ETUDE DE CAS DE L’UNIVERSITE DE PORT HARCOURT

Barine Okoro Diinee, Ph.D — Sat, 08 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study sought to identify and understand the role of literature in the teaching and learning of French as a Foreign Language in Nigeria using the case study of University of Port Harcourt. We used four specific objectives and four research questions for the study. The methodology combined both textual analysis and questionnaire as methods for data collection. Books, articles and internet materials were consulted. Ferdinand de Saussure’s structuralism provided the theoretical framework for the study. Fifty respondents were randomly selected from the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures for the Study. At the end of the analysis, the study concludes that literature offers the best natural conditions for the teaching and learning environment. Again literature offers an authentic and real learning situation for French teachers and students.

EXPRESSION OF COMMUNICATION SPEECH ETIQUETTE IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article analyzes the features of the expression of polite speech etiquette in English and Uzbek. Compliments, forms of address and polite expressions in both languages are considered comparatively, and aspects related to cultural and linguistic factors are highlighted. The concept of speech culture, the need and tasks of studying polite speech etiquette in English and Uzbek in higher educational institutions, the requirements for the speech of students and specialists in the field, the communicative qualities of cultural speech in various forms of speech, and the means of expression and imagery used in oral and written speech are considered.

MIGRANT LITERATURE IN FRANCE: STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION AND CULTURAL INTEGRATION ON FRENCH LITERATURE

Jamal khaleel abdulqader — Fri, 28 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the context of this study, it is crucial to highlight the complex interaction between immigration and literature in France, which manifests itself through different thematic and stylistic prisms. The results reveal that migrant literature, carried by authors such as Assia Djebar and Leïla Slimani, enriches the French literary landscape by introducing narratives that reflect plural identities and experiences of exile, mainly from the 20th century to the present day. This phenomenon is corroborated by an analysis of critical discourses, showing that the reception of migrant works is closely linked to sociopolitical tensions around cultural integration (Begley et al., 1999). In addition, literary contributions highlight innovative linguistic contributions, creating a dialogue between different cultures (Silasi et al.). This research thus highlights the importance of the writings of authors from immigrant backgrounds in the redefinition of contemporary French literary culture