ECOLOGICAL GROUPING OF PLANT PHYTONEMATODES.

Abstract

Plant nematodes usually affect plants of various ages, but for woody plants they are dangerous in the first years of life. When plants are infected with phytohelminths, growth retardation, deformation of stems and shoots, wilting of shoots, and chlorosis are observed. The study of plant nematodes, their types and conditions of development and adaptation conditions is relevant. The ability of plant nematodes to adapt to a certain degree of humidity allows them to be divided into the following large ecological groups: xerophylls, mesophylls, hygrophiles, and eurybionts. Xerophyllums include an ecological complex of nematode species confined to purely arid living conditions. The mesophilic ecological complex includes species of nematodes confined to biotopes with an average degree of moisture. Hygrophiles make up a complex of species associated with excessive moisture due to the proximity of groundwater. Hygrophiles are divided into two subgroups: megathermic and mesathermic. Mesathermic hygrophiles are confined to floodplain forests (tugai) of river valleys. Under conditions of irrigated agriculture, megathermal hygrophiles can move into the cultural zone and cause enormous damage to agriculture. Mesathermic hygrophiles include species of nematodes confined to biotopes with excessive moisture at moderate or cold temperatures. Some species of mesathermic hygrophylls are potentially dangerous parasites of agricultural plants grown under irrigated farming conditions, but cannot survive in rain-fed crops. It should be noted that this is a unique habitat. Having a unique complex of environmental factors, it is also unique in the composition of phytonematodes