REFERENCE STUDY ON LOCAL IRAQI CATTLE BREEDS
Keywords:
Local Cows, AL-Janoubi, KaradiAbstract
There are four main local cattle breeds in Iraq, namely the AL-Janoubi , Rastaki, Sharabi and Karadi. These breeds belong to the cows of the hot regions and are found in two races, the first contains a hump. The pulp is clear in males and less clear in females as in the AL-Janoubi, Rastaki and Sharabi breeds, and the second race in which the cows are straightbacked and do not contain a hump and their pulp is very small as in the Karadi breed of cows. Iraqi local cattle breeds differ in their morphological and productive characteristics such as color, size, weight, horn shape, udder size, body dimensions and other morphological productive characteristics. The Iraqi local cattle are divided into four groups according to their geographical distribution, where the AL-Janoubi cattle breed is present in southern and central Iraq with a percentage of 42. The Rastaki cattle breed is found in central Iraq with a rate of 8.5%, which is the least numerous and largest Iraqi cattle and is at risk of extinction, while the Sharabi cattle breed is found in northern Iraq with a percentage of 6.5%, and the Karadi breed is found in northeastern Iraq with a percentage of 25.5%, which is the smallest and least productive Iraqi cattle. The number of local Iraqi cows has declined compared to the 1970s, when it reached more than two million cows at that time. Local Iraqi dairy breeds are considered dual-purpose by terminology due to their low production efficiency, whether for milk production or meat production when compared to pure specialized international cows, but they are characterized by their high genetic diversity as well as their ability to withstand harsh Iraqi environmental conditions, especially high temperatures and their resistance to diseases and parasites endemic to Iraq, which no specialized international dairy breed can resist these conditions and produce in them, as they have acquired this ability in their genetics over thousands of years. These breeds have not undergone any valuable genetic improvements, especially through selection. These cows are raised in non-specialized herds in villages and countryside with few holdings, as well as in herds scattered around cities.
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