KOMPLEX EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION SYSTEMS IN THE CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES ON DIFFERENT FIELD SOILS

Abstract

There are two anti-aging trends in the provision of high-quality agricultural products to the population of most countries. On the one hand, in order to preserve the health of people, it was announced the transition to “organic farming”, which prohibits the use of chemical fertilizers, genetically modified drugs, growth regulators and pesticides in the world. On the other hand, in order to provide the population with a sufficient number of food products, intensive technology of vegetable cultivation is widely used, which allows to significantly increase the yield of agricultural crops. In the bun, mineral fertilizers are used, sometimes ground up to nanoparticles, fertilizing with ground fertilizers with drip irrigation, microelements and amino acids, etc. At present, the complete transition to the system of pure organic fertilizers for the cultivation of vegetables in our country is difficult due to the lack of high-quality organic fertilizers. In addition to the system of organic fertilizers, mineral, organo-mineral, mineral-biological systems are used, the effectiveness of which is assessed by the yield value of the product, commodity and biochemical quality. In addition to the information obtained from the scientific works studied in the period from 1990 to 2021, he conducted research on the application of fertilizers on the basis of the soils of the Surkhandarya region.The analysis of data obtained on the basis of long-term stationary experiments on the main soil - climatic zones of the region, the soil-podzol, alluvial Meadow, washed, typical and unpretentious black soils, as well as on brown forest soils was widely studied in the experiment. The quality of storage of vegetables during winter storage, damage due to diseases and changes in the basic quality indicators during storage were also taken into account. Such a detailed assessment of various fertilizer systems in the cultivation of vegetables in the region was taken and carried out for the first time on the basis of the studied experimental analysis. On its basis, the organo-mineral-biological system of fertilization of vegetable crops (NPK + gong + green Gong) was developed, which made it possible to evaluate the products produced according to an expanded list of indicators. The proposed fertilizer system improved the yield of vegetable-green manure crop rotation by 36-54 percent, the agrochemical and biological properties of the soil (density, structure condition, amount of humus, nutrients, heavy metals, biological activity), and the reduction in the loss of vegetables during storage on the basis of various diseases and other factors were studied