THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POLITICAL BALANCE IN THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION AND THE STANCE OF THE IRAQI CONSTITUTION FOR 2005
Keywords:
Constitution, Federal Constitution, Political ParticipationAbstract
The federal system inherently necessitates a degree of political balance within the parliaments of federal states. A balance that can be achieved through the interplay of supreme parliamentary councils, which is represented by the council of parliament, and lower parliamentary councils, that is represented by the council of representatives. The aim of this study is to analyze the mechanisms of political participation in comparative federal systems to understand how they achieve political equilibrium. Additionally, it seeks to address the imbalance caused by the absence of a parliamentary council in Iraq's Constitution, where relevant issues remain unresolved due to the lack of legislative action to date. This research employs an analytical and comparative method, drawing upon constitutional texts from several federal states: the U.S. Constitution of 1787, the Swiss Constitution of 1999, the German Constitution of 1949, the Argentine Constitution of 1994, the UAE Constitution of 1971, and the Iraqi Constitution of 2005.
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