THE EFFECT OF SUGARS ON THE PRODUCTION OF SECONDARY COMPOUNDS FROM CALLUS INDUCED FROM LEAVES (MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA) AND IDENTIFICATION OF SOME REDUCING SUGARS USING THE FOURIER TRANSFORMATION OF INFRA-RED (FTIR) TECHNIQUE

Abstract

The effect of sucrose on the induction of callus induced by chamomile leaves was studied for the period from April 2023 to January 2024. The concentrations of sugars added to the medium were 20, 40, 60, or 80 g/L. Polysaccharides were added to MS medium individually. Callus was induced after culturing true leaves on MS medium prepared with 1.0 mg/L D2,4- and 0.2 mg/L BA. The results showed that adding sucrose at a concentration of 20 g/l led to a positive effect, and the highest value was for thujone and borneol compounds, reaching 135 and 154 micrograms/g dry weight of callus, respectively, while the concentration reached 40 g/g. L led to an increase in the production of Cineol1-8 121 µg/g, and the high concentration of sucrose (80 g/L) is the most effective in stimulating the production of callus. It is known that reducing sugars are aldehyde or ketone monosaccharides, the most important of which are glucose, mannose, galactose, and fructose, sugars play a vital role in metabolism, and its content in chamomile flowers means that it can be transported to carbohydrate levels in food and biological systems. The percentage of reducing sugars was determined Infrared radiation to identify the active groups of the compounds fructose and glucose (FTIR) and it appeared that they contain some aliphatic, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups