JUDICIAL PLEADINGS OF SAYYIDA AL-ZAHRA (PEACE BE UPON HER)

Abstract

Pleadings are a means used by wise people to resolve disputes and settle differences when a right is denied, justifying the oppressed person to file a complaint with the judge to lift the injustice from him. Therefore, it is called judicial pleading, as the litigants aim to obtain a ruling that guarantees their rights when the judge, who is knowledgeable about the rules of justice, makes his decision. This research aims to dispel the suspicion that judicial pleading took place between Lady Fatima (peace be upon her) and the first caliph. - according to the historical description, not the doctrinal acceptance - which the plaintiff wants to drag the conversation to the pure friend's admission of the legitimacy of the one called the caliph by accepting his pleading. The researcher has conducted a new analytical re-reading of those events to obtain doctrinal and political conclusions from what Lady Fatima (peace be upon her) intended to say, refuting her opponent's claim by presenting historical and narrative documents. The importance of this research lies in refuting the allegations against Lady Fatima (peace be upon her) regarding her multiple claims, and to demonstrate the illegitimacy of the ruling government and the ineligibility of the caliph for the caliphate. The necessity of enriching knowledge by presenting a balanced analysis that dispels the intellectual suspicions that are repeatedly raised from time to time is not hidden. The researcher has shed light on the reality of the judicial pleadings made by Lady Fatima (peace be upon her) and the real purpose behind them. The researcher adopted a descriptive and analytical approach in studying the documents related to the incident from the sources of both sides after classifying them into modern and historical documents, then comparing them. We concluded with important findings, which we mentioned in the conclusion